Hai guys, gimana kabar kalian? Masih semangat kan? Hari ini aku mau posting sesuatu yang bermanfaat, referensi buat dasar teori praktikum kimia fisika tentang tegangan muka. Ya, walaupun sampai sekarang aku belum mulai praktikum, tapi tak apalah untuk persiapan. :)
Untuk kali ini aku baru posting dasar teorinya doang, untuk penjelasannya dan kelengkapan laporan menyusul kalau aku sudah praktikum. :P
TEGANGAN MUKA
Konsentrasi zat terlarut dalam suatu larutan biner akan
mempengaruhi sifat-sifat larutan termasuk tegangan muka dan absorbsi pada
permukaan larutan. Zat terlarut yang penambahannya ke dalam larutan menaikkan
tegangan permukaan mempunyai konsentrasi di permukaan yang lebih besar daripada
di dalam larutan.
(Sukardjo, 1997)
Molekul-molekul yang terletak di dalam cairan di
kelilingi oleh molekul-molekul lain sehingga mempunyai resultan gaya sama
dengan nol. Sedangkan untuk benda yang berada di permukaan cairan, gaya tarik
ke bawah tidak diimbangi dengan gaya tarik ke atas. Akibat dari gaya tarik ke
bawah ini maka bila keadaan memungkinkan cairan akan cenderung mempunyai luas
permukaan yang sekecil-kecilnya. Misalnya tetesan cairan akan membentuk bola,
karena untuk suatu volume tertentu bentuk bola akan mempunyai luas permukaan
yang sekecil-kecilnya, maka ada tegangan pada permukaan cairan yang disebut
tegangan permukaan.
(Badger, W. Z., 1958)
Molekul-molekul cairan yang berada dibagian dalam fase
cairan seluruhnya akan dikelilingi oleh molekul-molekul cairan dengan gaya
tarik-menarik yang sama ke segala arah. Sehingga gaya resultan sama dengan nol.
Lain halnya dengan nmolekkul-molekul cairan, sedang dibagian atas oleh
molekul-molekul dalam fasa uap, sehingga gaya tarik ke bawah lebih besar dari
gaya tarik ke atas.
Hal ini menimbulkan sifat kecenderungan untuk memperkecil
luas permukaan. Besar gaya yang bekerja tegak lurus pada sebuah satuan panjang
permukaan disebut tegangan muka (γ) yang dapat dinyatakan dengan satuan dyne
per cm dalam sistem cgs. Karena cairan cenderung meminimumkan luas
permukaannya, maka pengingkatan luas permukaan membutuhkan kinerja yang melawan
tegangan muka.
Tegangan muka terdapat pada batas cairan dengan uap air
jenuh di udara, dan juga antar permukaan cairan dengan cairan lain yang tidak
bercampur.
(Tim Kimia Fisika,
2010)
Permukaan atau antar muka, dimana tegangan terjadi antara
cairan dan gas jenuh dalam udara biasanya terjadi pada tekanan atmosfer.
Tegangan muka terjadi antara permukaan cairan dengan cairan yang tidak
bercampur dinamakan tegangan antar muka.
(Daniels, 1957)
Mau tahu referensi yang lain, bisa download Di sini
Di sana ada beberapa referensi yang aku ambil dari beberapa sumber di bawah ini.
Badger, W. Z and Bachero J. F.. 1958. Introduction
to Chemical Engineering Internasional
Student Edition. Tokyo : Mc. Graw Hill Book co
Bird, Tony. 1993. Kimia Fisika untuk Universitas.
Jakarta : Gramedia
Daniels, F.. 1961. Eksperimental
Physical Chemistry 6th edition. Tokyo : Mc Graw Hill Book co
Farrington, Daniels. 1957. Experimental
of Physical Chemistry. Tokyo : Kogakusha
Atkins, P. W.. 1994. Kimia Fisika
jilid 1 edisi IV. Jakarta : Erlangga
Sheomaker, D. P., et al.. 1989. Experiment
in Physical Chemistry 5th edition. New York : Mc Graw Hill Book
co
Seokardjo. 1990. Kimia Fisika.
Jakarta : PT. Bineka Cipta
Tim Kimia Fisika I. 2010. Petunjuk Praktikum
Kimia Fisika I. Surakarta : FMIPA UNS
Tim Kimia Fisika I. 2012. Petunjuk Praktikum
Kimia Fisika I. Surakarta : FMIPA UNS
Kalau kalian ingin melihat laporan lengkap tentang praktikum tegangan muka ini, bisa buka link ini, Laporan Resmi Tegangan Permukaan
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